Nano Fe₃O₄ Powder: High-Purity Magnetite

Iron Oxide (Fe₃O₄): Compositional Chemistry, Formation Pathways, and Strategic Industrial Utilisation

Iron oxide is an essential fine chemical powder comprising microscopic, or often nano-crystalline, particles. Its natural formation is a ubiquitous example of a redox reaction; it occurs via the (FeO) oxidation reaction with molecular (O₂) present in the atmosphere, a process significantly accelerated by the presence of (H₂O) (water), leading to various hydrous and anhydrous phases (rusting). EUNANO, through its controlled synthesis and global distribution of the black iron oxide phase, Fe₃O₄ (magnetite), plays a pivotal role in supplying high-specification material to industrial consumers across Turkiye and the United States, thereby strengthening the international iron oxide supply network.

The Thermodynamics of Iron Oxidation and Phase Control

The Fe₃O₄ crystal structure, as an inverse spinel, dictates its ferrimagnetic properties and electrical conductivity. Achieving the correct stoichiometry and high purity is paramount because even minor deviations (non-stoichiometry) or the presence of crystallographic defects significantly perturb the electron hopping between the iron cations, which directly compromises the material’s key functional characteristics required for high-end applications like magnetic sensors or catalysts.

Extensive Applications and Product Specifications

Our nano-scale black magnetite products exhibit exceptional utility, being extensively deployed in industrial water purification, sophisticated magnetic separation processes, closed-loop cooling systems, and highly specialised magnetic coatings. They constitute an integral component in cutting-edge electronic devices, including advanced optical instrumentation, microwave signal systems, sensitive magnetic sensors, and professional laser printer toners. Beyond electronics, magnetite is crucial to power generation plants, the automotive sector (e.g., in specialised brake pad formulations), and even high-end cosmetics as a non-toxic pigment. Future research and development are projected to expand its use into next-generation, heat-resistant, and highly durable paint and composite formulations.

We offer two distinct grades of magnetite iron oxide nanopowder for direct online procurement:

For comprehensive technical documentation, detailed material safety data sheets (MSDS), and to place your orders, please contact our dedicated customer service team on (+90) 544 317 0526.

Magnetite (Fe₃O₄): Crystalline Structure, Distinct Properties, and Critical Industrial Significance

Magnetite (Fe₃O₄) is a naturally occurring iron oxide mineral distinguished by the coexistence of two distinct oxidation states of iron—ferrous (Fe²⁺) and ferric (Fe³⁺)—within its crystalline structure. Exhibiting a characteristic black coloration, this mineral is renowned for its exceptional magnetic susceptibility, earning it the designation magnetic iron oxide. Owing to its unique physicochemical characteristics, magnetite plays a pivotal role in multiple industrial sectors, scientific disciplines, and advanced technological applications. Magnetite (Fe₃O₄) is an essential, naturally occurring iron oxide mineral uniquely defined by the simultaneous presence of two disparate oxidation states of iron—namely, (Fe²⁺) (ferrous) and (Fe³⁺) (ferric)—integrated within its unified crystalline framework. Characterised by its distinctive black coloration, this mineral is globally recognised for its exceptional magnetic susceptibility, leading to its conventional designation as magnetic iron oxide. Owing to this highly advantageous and complex set of physicochemical characteristics, magnetite maintains a pivotal, foundational role across numerous industrial sectors, various scientific disciplines, and cutting-edge technological applications.

Crystallographic Chemistry and Electronic Properties

From a materials science perspective, the defining feature of magnetite is its inverse spinel structure, where the oxygen anions form a cubic close-packed lattice. Critically, the ferrous (Fe2+) ions occupy half of the octahedral (B) sites, sharing them with half of the ferric (Fe3+) ions. The remaining ferric ions (Fe3+) are lodged in the tetrahedral (A) sites. This mixed occupancy of Fe2+ and Fe3+ on the B sites is the molecular basis for two vital properties:

1. High Electrical Conductivity: This arises from the facile electron hopping (Fe2+ // Fe3+) that occurs exclusively on the B sites, enabling charge transport.

2. Ferrimagnetism: The magnetic moments of the ions in the A and B sites align antiparallel to each other. Since the magnetic moments of the Fe3+ ions on the A and B sites cancel out, the net bulk magnetism is derived solely from the remaining Fe2+ ions on the B sites. [Diagram illustrating the inverse spinel structure and magnetic moment alignment in Fe₃O₄]

The Role of Nanostructure: Surface Area and Functional Enhancement

When processed into a finely divided powder form, especially when engineered to the nanometric scale, magnetite offers a substantially enhanced specific surface area (SSA). At particle diameters of approximately 20 nanometres—a specification characteristic of high-performance commercial grades—the dramatically increased surface-to-volume ratio profoundly augments chemical reactivity and facilitates superior functional performance across an extensive range of applications.

This tailored nanostructured morphology renders magnetite a material of considerable strategic importance across diverse, high-value domains:

The pronounced magnetic capacity of Fe₃O₄, synergistically combined with its robust chemical stability and tunable surface characteristics, fundamentally underscores its critical and evolving relevance to sectors such as electronics manufacturing, magnetic data storage, sophisticated catalysis, and the ongoing development of next-generation nanotechnology.

Iron Oxide Polymorphs: Distinguishing Black Magnetite (Fe₃O₄) from Other Chromatic Varieties

While magnetite (Fe₃O₄) is globally recognised for its characteristic deep black hue, other significant iron oxide compounds exhibit vastly distinct chromatic profiles stemming from variations in their stoichiometry and crystallographic architecture:

The Physico-Chemical Origin of Colour in Iron Oxides

The dramatic variation in colour across the iron oxide family is a direct consequence of their specific electronic structure and is explained by Ligand Field Theory (LFT). The colour is not due to simple absorption, but rather to d-d electronic transitions and charge transfer (CT) phenomena.

1. Magnetite (Fe₃O₄) is black because the rapid intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) between Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions on the octahedral sites facilitates strong absorption across the entire visible light spectrum.

2. Haematite (Fe2O3) is red/brown because it lacks the Fe2+ ion, resulting in the absence of the IVCT band. Its colour is instead governed primarily by lower-energy ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) and weak spin-forbidden d-d transitions, which selectively absorb green-blue light and reflect the residual red.

These differences in crystal structure and oxidation states are what fundamentally dictate the visible spectrum. Thanks to their inherent chemical and thermal stability, low toxicity, and exceptional tinting power, iron oxides are indispensable materials in the paint, protective coatings, ceramics, and construction materials sectors, fulfilling a dual role as both functional fillers and reliable colourants.

Industrial and Scientific Utilisation of Black Iron Oxide (Fe₃O₄): A Multifunctional Material

Black iron oxide (Fe₃O₄, magnetite) stands as one of the most chemically and functionally versatile inorganic materials, sustaining a broad spectrum of industrial and advanced scientific applications. Its unique combination of magnetic, electrochemical, and intense pigment properties establishes it as a critical raw material across diverse sectors, notably biomedicine, environmental engineering, energy storage, high-end electronics, and durable surface coatings.

Key Functional Application Domains

The utility of Fe₃O₄ is intrinsically linked to its nanoscale characteristics, where the enhanced surface effects unlock superior performance in targeted processes.

1. Biomedical Applications: Targeting and Therapy

Magnetite nanoparticles are increasingly pivotal in advanced medical engineering. Their superparamagnetic behaviour—where the material exhibits magnetism only in the presence of an external magnetic field—is crucial in clinical diagnostics, enabling their use as effective contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). . In oncology, they play a significant role in magnetic hyperthermia therapy, where the particles absorb energy from an oscillating external magnetic field, generating localised heat that selectively induces apoptosis (programmed cell death) in adjacent cancer cells. Furthermore, their ability to be magnetically guided makes them invaluable in targeted drug delivery systems and high-sensitivity biosensing platforms.

2. Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Water Treatment

Within the critical domains of water purification and environmental remediation, nano-sized black iron oxide acts as a highly efficient adsorbent for challenging contaminants. The high SSA facilitates the robust surface coordination and capture of toxic heavy metal ions (e.g., arsenic, chromium) and persistent organic pollutants. A primary advantage is their inherent magnetic separation capability, which permits the rapid and low-cost recovery and recycling of the adsorbent material post-treatment, thereby positioning them as a highly sustainable solution within modern wastewater management technologies.

3. Electronics, Electrochemistry, and Energy Storage

In the electronics and energy sector, the mixed-valence state and good conductivity make magnetite a compelling candidate. It serves as a promising anode material in lithium-ion batteries (Li-ion), contributing to enhanced cycle durability and significant improvements in electrochemical capacity via conversion-type reactions. Its integration into supercapacitors and other electrochemical energy storage systems is a crucial factor supporting the development and commercialisation of renewable energy infrastructure.

4. Pigments and Protective Surface Coatings

Synthetically produced black iron oxide is extensively employed as a durable, lightfast pigment in industrial paints, printing inks, ceramics, and advanced polymer-based coatings. From a chemical perspective, magnetite pigments exhibit superior photostability, weather resistance, and UV durability compared to many organic or non-magnetic alternatives. This resilience stems from the strong ionic and covalent bonding within the stable spinel lattice, making them the preferred choice for robust industrial coatings and long-life protective materials.

Comprehensive Industrial Footprint

The versatility extends far beyond these core areas, underpinning a wide array of specialised applications where the chemical and magnetic properties are leveraged:

Commercial Supply and Technical Support by EUNANO

At EUNANO, we specialise in the provision of high-purity, black nanocomposite iron oxide powder with carefully tailored magnetite properties, specifically designed to satisfy the rigorous requirements of diverse global industries. Our material is rigorously optimised for use in large-scale industrial production, advanced research, and high-tech technological applications.

Should your company operate within the biomedical, energy, chemical, coating, or environmental sectors, we encourage you to contact our technical and sales teams to source premium-grade iron oxide powder or to request a detailed review of our technical specifications and performance data.

Magnetite (Fe₃O₄) Synthesis: A Comparison of Laboratory and Industrial Production Methodologies

Magnetite (Fe₃O₄) is a cornerstone iron oxide compound, critically deployed across biomedical engineering, environmental remediation, energy storage, and advanced coatings. Crucially, the chosen production method fundamentally dictates the material’s final particle size distribution, crystallinity, purity, and magnetic performance—all non-negotiable parameters for both rigorous laboratory research and scalable industrial applications.

Controlling Nucleation and Growth Kinetics

The choice between synthesis routes is fundamentally a balance between kinetic control (laboratory scale) and thermodynamic efficiency (industrial scale). The final properties of Fe₃O₄ are intrinsically linked to the control exerted over the nucleation (formation of new crystals) and growth (increase in crystal size) phases. High-performance magnetic materials require monodispersity (uniform particle size) to ensure predictable magnetic behaviour, a feature demanding high kinetic control.

Laboratory-Scale Synthesis: Chemical Co-Precipitation

In regulated laboratory environments, chemical co-precipitation techniques are the method of choice for obtaining high-quality magnetite nanoparticles. This process typically involves the rapid precipitation of ferrous (Fe2+) and ferric (Fe3+) precursor salts (often chlorides or sulphates) in a highly alkaline medium (e.g., concentrated NH4OH or NaOH). This approach allows for sophisticated control over nanoparticle morphology and is essential for tuning superparamagnetic properties. This makes it the ideal route for precision applications such as MRI contrast agents, focused hyperthermia therapies, and specific targeted drug delivery systems. The key to success here is rapidly achieving the required Fe2+/Fe3+ stoichiometric ratio of 1:2 at high pH under an inert atmosphere to prevent undesired oxidation to maghemite (γ-Fe2O3).

Industrial-Scale Production: High-Temperature Reduction

For large-scale, high-volume manufacturing, magnetite is commonly synthesised through the reduction of haematite (Fe2O3) or other iron oxide phases using powerful gaseous reducing agents, typically hydrogen (H2) or carbon monoxide (CO), often at elevated temperatures (~300–600°C). This solid-state thermal reduction process facilitates the bulk production of Fe₃O₄ with predictable, though less nanoscopically uniform, particle size distributions and significantly enhanced magnetic saturation levels. This approach is thermodynamically favourable and cost-effective, perfectly suited for the large throughput demanded by energy storage technologies, Li-ion battery anodes, and heavy industry applications.

Strategic Industrial Significance

Owing to its exceptional magnetic, electrical, and catalytic properties, magnetite has become an indispensable and multifaceted material:

Conclusion

The successful production of magnetite (Fe₃O₄) spans a continuum from precise laboratory-scale chemical synthesis to robust, high-capacity industrial thermal reduction processes. Each method offers unique advantages dependent on the required nanostructure and performance characteristics. Fe₃O₄ remains a strategic raw material crucial for advancing nanotechnology, green energy solutions, and sophisticated advanced manufacturing sectors.

EUNANO supplies high-purity black iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) powders specifically engineered to meet these diverse needs. We invite you to contact us today to secure tailored solutions for your industrial or research requirements.

Nanocomposite Iron Oxide Powder (Fe₃O₄): Structure, Tailored Characteristics, and Global Strategic Utilisation

The swift trajectory of nanotechnology has positioned iron oxide nanomaterials as an indispensable resource across advanced high-technology and rigorous industrial production cycles. Among these, nanocomposite iron oxide powder Fe₃O₄, magnetite) has garnered significant scientific and commercial recognition owing to its unparalleled magnetic properties, fundamental nanoscale advantages, and inherent multifunctional applications. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the definition, crystalline structure, physicochemical properties, application spectrum, and international logistics pertinent to Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites.

Defining Nanocomposite Iron Oxide Powder

Nanocomposite iron oxide powder is a highly engineered material derived from magnetite (Fe₃O₄), a naturally occurring spinel mineral containing both Fe2+ (ferrous) and Fe3+ (ferric) ions. With a tightly controlled average particle size of 20–200 nm, the powder benefits from a profoundly high specific surface area (SSA), exhibiting superior ferrimagnetism (often simplified to ferromagnetism in commercial contexts) and exceptional chemical durability. These nanoscale attributes are critical, as they significantly amplify the material's performance in advanced technological systems and large-scale industrial operations.

Chemical and Structural Specifications

While bulk magnetite is available naturally, synthetic nanoscale Fe₃O₄ is overwhelmingly preferred for commercial, biomedical, and electronic applications due to the ability to precisely control the morphology and enhance its surface reactivity.

The Nanoscale Effect and Superparamagnetism

The term “nanocomposite” here denotes materials intentionally engineered within the nanometer scale (–100 nm). Compared to their conventional bulk counterparts, these nano-structures offer a dramatically larger SSA, improved catalytic efficiency, and critically, tunable magnetic behaviour. For the Fe₃O₄ system, when the particle diameter drops below a critical threshold (25 nm), the material transitions from bulk ferrimagnetism to superparamagnetism . This shift is highly advantageous as it allows the material to be easily manipulated by an external magnetic field but prevents remanent magnetisation or clumping (aggregation) upon field removal, a property essential for effective operation in targeted drug delivery and magnetic fluid applications.

Key Functional and Physical Properties

Comparative Chemistry: Fe₃O₄ versus Fe2O3

Industrial and Commercial Application Spectrum

Nanocomposite iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) powder is now strategically integrated across a multitude of high-value industrial and scientific domains:

Supply Chain and Global Logistics

Global specialty chemical manufacturers, including Turkiye-based suppliers such as EUNANO, provide high-purity nanocomposite Fe₃O₄ powders for both domestic and international markets. Sophisticated packaging solutions are deployed, ranging from 100 g laboratory-scale samples to 25 kg industrial bulk shipments. This logistical structure ensures that the materials are compatible with both academic research and large-scale commercial operations, while maintaining the chemical integrity of the sensitive nanostructure throughout the supply chain.

Conclusion

Due to its outstanding magnetic, unique structural (inverse spinel), and chemical characteristics, nanocomposite iron oxide powder (Fe₃O₄) is firmly established as a strategic material across the industrial, biomedical, and energy-related sectors. With the persistent, rapid advancements in nanotechnology, global trade, and materials sciences, the market demand for specialised Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites is projected to escalate significantly in the coming decades.

The Strategic Physico-Chemical Role of Iron Oxide Powders in Advanced Coating and Paint Manufacturing

Iron oxide powders occupy a foundational position in the global paint and surface coatings industry, a distinction earned due to their broad chromatic spectrum, high durability, and exceptional cost efficiency. Routinely applied as inorganic pigments, iron oxides are sourced both in naturally occurring shades—such as red (a-Fe2O3), yellow (Fe2O3 - H2O), and black (Fe₃O₄)—and in synthetically engineered forms. Their stable inorganic crystalline structure imparts robust resistance against UV radiation, chemical degradation, and mechanical abrasion. Consequently, iron oxide powders are extensively utilised in the formulation of interior and exterior architectural paints, heavy-duty industrial coatings, and protective varnishes, where they confer long-lasting and aesthetically stable coloration.

Chemical Principles and Processing in Paint Formulation

In modern paint production, iron oxide pigments are incorporated through a sequence of highly controlled physico-chemical operations designed to ensure particle uniformity and superior dispersion quality. Initially, the pigments are blended with the binder (polymer matrix), solvents, and functional additives to establish a homogeneous matrix. Since iron oxide pigments exhibit exceptionally low solubility in both aqueous and solvent-based systems, their chemical stability is pivotal in achieving long-term colour permanence and overall coating longevity.

Core Stages of Pigment Incorporation

The manufacturing process generally follows four core stages, each critical for optimising the pigment's optical and functional performance:

1. Mixing (Wetting): Iron oxide powders are initially wetted and evenly distributed with complementary ingredients using high-shear industrial-grade mixers. This stage aims to overcome the inter-particle forces that cause primary pigment agglomeration.

2. Grinding (Milling): The blended slurry undergoes fine grinding (milling), often using bead mills or sand mills, a process that applies significant mechanical energy. The objective is to de-agglomerate the particles, reducing their size to optimise opacity (light scattering), colour strength, and surface coverage.

3. Filtration: Oversized particles or remaining aggregates are meticulously removed via filtration, ensuring the pigment achieves a refined consistency suitable for the smooth application and high-gloss requirements of performance paints.

4. Packaging & Storage: The final pigment-dispersed paint is conditioned and packaged under controlled environments, prepared for distribution to end-users.

Opacity, Light Scattering, and Refractive Index

The opacity (hiding power) and colour intensity imparted by an iron oxide pigment are governed by the fundamental principles of Mie Scattering and the pigment's refractive index. The maximum light scattering efficiency—and thus maximum opacity—is achieved when the particle diameter is approximately half the wavelength of the light being scattered (for visible light, this is in the range of 200–400 nm). Manufacturing processes like milling are precisely controlled to bring the particle size into this optimal range. Furthermore, the difference between the refractive index of the pigment (Fe₃O₄ ~ 2.42 – 2.50) and the binder medium (~ 1.5) creates strong light scattering interfaces, which is the physical mechanism underpinning the pigment's ability to hide the substrate colour.

Global Market Utilisation and Functional Benefits

Iron oxide pigments are applied across an expansive array of protective and decorative coatings, encompassing concrete systems, wood preservatives, metal coatings, high-performance automotive finishes, and traffic marking paints. Their inherent weatherproof nature and aesthetic versatility make them invaluable in major architectural façades and urban infrastructure projects globally.

In the United States and Turkiye, and international markets alike, iron oxide pigments sustain critical high-demand sectors:

Beyond their primary colouring function, iron oxide pigments provide crucial functional enhancements, including improved UV absorption (protecting the binder), hydrophobic properties, superior corrosion protection (especially in primer layers), and consequently, extended material lifespan. This dual functionality ensures that painted structures retain both aesthetic appeal and mechanical integrity over time.

Magnetite-Based Iron Oxides (Fe₃O₄) in Advanced Nanocoatings

Among the various grades, magnetite black iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) is particularly significant due to its exceptional chemical stability, deep colouration, and nanoscale adaptability. With standardised classification under CAS No. 1317-61-9, Fe₃O₄ powder is available in fine particle sizes, such as 20 nm and 20–200 nm, making it optimally suited for nanotechnology-driven coating systems requiring high dispersion and specialised electronic shielding properties.

Suppliers, such as EUNANO, provide access to high-purity magnetite iron oxide powders that meet stringent international quality and trade standards. These premium materials offer a competitive advantage in producing advanced construction coatings and industrial paints where performance, durability, and sustainability are paramount criteria.

Fe₃O₄ Powder Analysis Reports: Assurance of Nanomaterial Integrity and Performance

The quality assurance, chemical purity, and precise particle size distribution of magnetite iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) powders constitute crucial parameters dictating their successful integration into advanced industrial applications. Comprehensive analysis reports provide essential transparency and traceability to end-users, thereby guaranteeing the reliability and batch-to-batch consistency of the material supplied. Within the stringent framework of nanomaterial production and trade, these analytical documents are mandatory for confirming full compliance with global ISO standards and specific customer requirements.

a) Detailed Analysis of Black Magnetite (Fe II, III O₄) Nanopowder (97% Purity, 20 nm Grade)

The 97% pure Fe₃O₄ nanopowder, possessing an average 20 nm particle size, is in high demand for advanced technological applications, including next-generation magnetic storage systems, sophisticated biomedical research tools, and high-performance functional coatings.

Check out analysis and product safety reports:

1. Material Safety Data Sheet
(20 nm - Purity: 97%)

2. Micro Particle
(20 nm - Purity: 97%)

3. Certificate of Analysis
(20 nm - Purity: 97%)

Characterisation Techniques and Functional Correlation

Analytical reports meticulously document several parameters, each providing critical evidence of the material's fitness for purpose. The underlying chemistry and physics dictate why these specific tests are non-negotiable for high-grade nanomaterials:

These meticulously documented parameters guarantee that the powder provides the requisite chemical stability, superior dispersibility, and guaranteed functional performance essential for its utilisation in target industries.

b) Reports on Black Magnetite Nanocomposite Iron Oxide Powder (95% Purity, 20–200 nm Grade)

The nanocomposite variant of black iron oxide, specified at 95% purity and a controlled 20–200 nm} particle size range, is predominantly utilised in cost-sensitive, large-volume applications. These include the construction materials sector, high-volume industrial paints and polymers, and passive electromagnetic shielding systems.

Check out the product's analysis and safety reports:

1. Material Safety Data Sheet
(20-200 nm - Purity: 95%)

2. Micro Particle
(20-200 nm - Purity: 95%)

3. Certificate of Analysis
(20-200 nm - Purity: 95%)

Analytical Reports and Functional Verification

The analysis reports for this industrial-grade material focus on parameters crucial for bulk compatibility and durability, ensuring that the slightly lower purity (95% versus the 97% research grade) does not compromise the functional requirements of the target application.

Relevance of Analysis for Industrial Compatibility

This product is preferred for cost-effective large-scale applications because the robust 20–200 nm particle size range maintains sufficient magnetic and pigment performance, allowing for economical production where slightly lower purity and a less refined superparamagnetic transition (Hc and Mr may be slightly higher than the 20 nm grade) are acceptable.

EUNANO: Pioneering Nanotechnology and Strategic Fe₃O₄ Supply

EUNANO is established as one of the pioneering nanotechnology enterprises operating from Turkiye, dedicated to the high-volume production of the critical natural nanomagnetic mineral, magnetite iron oxide (Fe₃O₄). With a steadfast focus on research, development, and large-scale manufacturing, our firm provides premium-quality Fe₃O₄ powder that is distinguished by its unique magnetic and physicochemical properties. These advantageous characteristics make the material indispensable across an expansive array of industries, including chemicals, automotive, biomedical, environmental technologies, textiles, and advanced coatings.

Corporate Structure, Compliance, and Logistics

EUNANO conducts its commercial operations under the legal entity Revak Engineering Ltd., a structure that ensures full transparency, reliability, and rigorous compliance with all pertinent national and international standards. For complete details concerning our corporate structure and official registration, please consult our dedicated Contact page.

When procuring nano Fe₃O₄ iron oxide, all advertised prices are explicitly inclusive of Value Added Tax (VAT). To facilitate rapid project timelines, all orders officially placed on business days between 09:00 – 16:00 (local time) are processed and shipped on the same day, guaranteeing fast and reliable delivery for our clientele.

Authenticity and Material Purity

The provision of unmodified, high-purity Fe₃O₄ in its natural state is a commitment to ensuring chemical and structural integrity. Many advanced applications, particularly in catalysis and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), require the material to be free from surface modification agents or unnecessary coatings which could interfere with the delicate surface chemistry or superparamagnetic relaxation times. Suppliers must provide evidence that the material delivered aligns perfectly with the material presented in the analysis reports (e.g., XRD, VSM). We supply magnetite iron oxide Fe₃O₄ powder in its natural, unmodified form as displayed in the product images. Furthermore, clients can access authentic videos and photographs of our original Fe₃O₄ packaging and stringent shipment process via our official YouTube channel, providing an additional layer of logistical transparency and quality assurance.